MOUNT MERAPI

Merapi (peak height of 2968 m above sea level, as of 2006) is a volcano in the central part of Java Island and is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. Slopes of the south side are in administration Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region, and the rest are in the region of Central Java Province, which is on the west side of Magelang regency, Boyolali District on the north and east, and Klaten on the southeastern side. Forest area around the peak became Mount Merapi National Park area since 2004.

The mountain is very dangerous because, according to modern records have erupted (peak activity) every two to five years and is surrounded by very dense settlements. Since 1548, this mountain has erupted many as 68 kali.Kota Magelang and the city of Yogyakarta is the nearest large city, is under 30 miles from its peak. On the slopes there is still a settlement to a height of 1700 m and is just four kilometers from the summit. Because of this interest rate, Merapi became one of sixteen volcanoes of the world are included in Decade Volcano projects (Decade Volcanoes).

Mount Merapi is the object of a popular climb. because this mountain is a mountain that is very charming. The most common route is through the side and near north of Selo, Boyolali regency, Central Java, precisely in the Village Tlogolele. The village is located between Mount Merapi and Mount Merbabu. Climbing through Selo take about five hours to the summit.

Another popular path is through Kaliurang, District Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta on the southern side. This path is more steep and takes about 6-7 hours to the summit. Another alternative pathway is through the northwestern side, starting from Sawangan, Magelang regency, Central Java and through the southeast side, from the direction of Deles, District Kemalang, Klaten regency, Central Java.

KUTA BALI BEACH

Kuta beach is a tourist place located south of Denpasar, the capital city of Bali, Indonesia. Kuta is located in Badung regency. This area is a tourist destination abroad, and has become a mainstay tourist island of Bali since the early 70's. Kuta Beach is often referred to as beach sunset (sunset beach) as opposed to Sanur beach.

In Kuta there are many shops, restaurants and baths and drying herself. Besides beautiful beaches, Kuta beach also offers a variety of other types of entertainment such as bars and restaurants along the beach towards Legian beach. Rosovivo, Ocean Beach Club, Kamasutra, are some of the most crowded clubs along the beach of Kuta.

This beach also has a pretty good waves for surfing sports (surfing), especially for novice surfers. The air field I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport is located not far from Kuta.

TOBA LAKE

Lake Toba is a volcanic lake with a length of 100 kilometers and 30 kilometers wide, located in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This lake is the largest lake in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. In the middle of this lake there is a volcanic island called the island.

Lake Toba has long been an important tourist destination in North Sumatra, in addition to Bukit Lawang and Nias, attract domestic and foreign tourists.

 

It is estimated that Lake Toba explosion occurred at about 73000-75000 years ago and is a Supervolcano eruption the most recent. Bill Rose and Craig Chesner of Michigan Technological University estimate that volcanic materials spewed out of the mountain as much as 2800 km ³, with 800 km ³ of rock and 2,000 km ³ overlies the volcanic ash which is expected in the wind to the west for 2 weeks. Volcanic dust in the wind has spread to half the earth, from China to South Africa. The explosion occurred during a week and throw the dust up to 10 km above sea level.This incident caused mass death and in some species also followed extinction. According to some DNA evidence, this eruption also reduced the number of people to about 60% of the total human population of the earth at that time, which is about 60 million people. The eruption also caused the ice age, although experts are still debating.After the eruption, the caldera formed which is then filled with water and became what is now known as Lake Toba. Upward pressure by magma that has not come out cause the appearance of the island.The spread of volcanic dust is very broad, found almost worldwide. Supervolcano eruption comes from an ancient, namely Mount Toba. Allegations leading to Mount Toba, because it found evidence of volcanic dust molecules form the same point in 2100. Since the caldera crater, now a lake Toba in Indonesia, up to 3000 miles, from the source of the eruption. In fact, surprisingly enough, it turns out that the spread of dust caught up to the North Pole. This is reminiscent of the experts, how powerful the super volcano Toba eruption at the time.

BOROBUDUR TEMPLE

Borobudur is the name of a Buddhist temple located at Borobudur, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. Location of the temple is approximately 100 miles southwest of Semarang and 40 miles northwest of Yogyakarta. Temple shaped Stupa was founded by the Mahayana Buddhists around the year 800 AD during the reign of the dynasty dynasty. The monument comprises six square terraces on which there are three circular courtyard, the walls decorated with original 2672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues there. The main stupa in the middle of the largest teletak once crowned this building, surrounded by three rows of circular holes 72 stupas in which there are statues of Buddha sitting cross-legged in the lotus position perfectly with the mudra (hand position) Dharmachakra mudra (turning the wheel of dharma). 

This monument is a model of the universe and built as a shrine to honor the Buddha also functions as a place of pilgrimage to guide mankind to switch from natural lust to enlightenment and wisdom according to the teachings of Buddha. The pilgrims enter through the east side starting at the base of the temple ritual of walking round the sacred building in a clockwise direction, while continuing to go up to the next steps in the sphere through three levels of Buddhist cosmology. The third level is Kamadhatu (sphere lust), Rupadhatu (sphere shape), and Arupadhatu (intangible realm). In this journey of pilgrims walking through the hallway and staircase with a series of witnessed no less than 1460 beautifully carved relief panels on the wall and balustrade. 

According to historical evidence, Borobudur abandoned in the 14th century as the weakening influence of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms in Java as well as starting the influence of Islam. The world began to realize the existence of these buildings have since been found in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, who was then serving as Governor General of British control over Java. Since then Borobudur has undergone a series of rescue and restoration efforts. Largest restoration project was held in the period 1975 to 1982 for the efforts the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and UNESCO, and historic sites are included in the list of World Heritage Sites.

 Borobudur is still used as a place of religious pilgrimage; each year Buddhists who came from all over Indonesia and abroad gather at Borobudur to commemorate Vesak Trisuci. In the world of tourism, Borobudur is Indonesia's single attractions most visited by tourists.

MOUNT RINJANI

Mount Rinjani is a mountain located on the island of Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Mountain which is the second highest volcano in Indonesia with a height of 3726 m above sea level and lies in cross 8 º 25 'LS and 116 º 28' BT is a favorite mountain for climbers in Indonesia cause this mountain have a beautiful scenery. This mountain is part of the Mount Rinjani National Park which has an area of about 41,330 ha and this will be proposed the addition to be 76 000 ha to the west and east.

Administratively, the mountain is located in the territory of three districts: East Lombok, Central Lombok and West Lombok.

In the west cone Rinjani there is a caldera with an area of ​​approximately 3500 m × 4800 m, extends west to the east you. In this caldera There was Segara Anak (segara = sea, lake) area of ​​11 million sq m with a depth of 230 m. The water that flows from this lake formed a very beautiful waterfall, flowing through a steep ravine. In Segara Anak there are many carp and tilapia so often used for fishing. The southern part of this lake called Segara Endut.

On the east side of the caldera there is a Baru Mountain (or Mount Barujari) which has a crater measuring 170m × 200 m with a height of 2296-2376 m above sea level. In addition to Mount Barujari there are other craters has erupted, called Mount Rombongan.

MOUNT BROMO

Mount Bromo (from Sanskrit / Old Javanese: Brahma, one of the main Hindu Gods), is a mountain that still have an active volcano and best known as a tourist attraction in East Java. As a tourist attraction, Mount Bromo become attractive because of its status as the volcano is still active.

Bromo has a height of 2392 meters above sea level is located in four regions, namely Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Lumajang, and Malang Regency. Mount Bromo mesh body shape between the valleys and canyons with a caldera or a sea of ​​sand covering approximately 10 square kilometers.

Mount Bromo has a crater with a diameter of ± 800 meters (north-south) and ± 600 meters (east-west). While the danger area of a circle with a radius of 4 km from the central crater of Bromo.

For residents of Bromo Tengger tribe, Mount Brahma (Bromo) believed to be a sacred mountain. Once a year the community held a ceremony Tengger Kasada or Kasodo. This ceremony is held at a temple located at the foot of Mount Bromo and proceed north to the top of Mount Bromo. The ceremony was held at midnight to early morning every full moon around 14 or 15 in Kasodo (tenth) according to the Javanese calendar.

BUNAKEN ISLAND

Bunaken is an island covering an area of ​​8.08 km ² in the Bay of Manado, located on the northern island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. This island is part of the city of Manado, the provincial capital of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bunaken island can be traveled by speed boat or a ship chartered by travel about 30 minutes from the port city of Manado. Bunaken Island Around Bunaken marine park there which is part of the Bunaken National Park. This marine park has a marine biodiversity one of the highest in the world. Scuba diving attracts many visitors to the island. Overall Bunaken marine park covers an area of ​​75,265 hectares with five islands within it, namely the island of Manado Tua, Bunaken Island, Pulau Siladen, Mantehage Island follows several children of the island, and island Naen. Although it covers an area of ​​75,265 hectares, the location of the dive (diving) is limited in each of the five beaches that surround the island.

Bunaken marine park has a 20 point dive (dive spot) with varying depths of up to 1344 meters. Of the 20 point dive, dive 12 points of which are located around the island of Bunaken. Twelve point of diving is the most frequently visited by divers and lovers of the beauty of underwater scenery.

Most of the 12 point dive in Bunaken Island lined up from the southeast to the northwest of the island. In this region there is a great underwater walls, also called the hanging walls, or a giant rock walls that stand vertically and curved upward. These rock walls are also a source of food for fish in the waters around Bunaken Island.

RAJA AMPAT ( FOUR KING )

Raja Ampat is one of the counties located in the province of West Papua. This districthas 610 islands, of the total only 35 islands are inhabited by people. The rest, still emptylargely uninhabited even have a name yet. Some of the larger islands are inhabited islandMisool, Salawati, Batanta, Waigeo. Oh yes, the capital of Raja Ampat is Waisai.

Raja Ampat is the most visited tourist destination for its beautiful underwater scenery. Most tourists who come to Raja Ampat has the purpose to diving.

If you want to vacation in Raja Ampat, you do not need worry about the existing facilities at Raja Ampat. cause, There are many lodgings are ready to accommodate us. In addition, other accommodations are also available so complete there. From the start of food, diving equipment, ships and others. So, Raja Ampat is truly a strategic place to relieve fatigue.

CARSTENSZ PYRAMID

Carstensz Pyramid is the highest mountain in Oceania and Australia. This is one project of the Seven Summit project (seven summits on seven tallest mounatins on seven Continets). Carstensz Pyramid is the eighth summit.

Carstensz Pyramid is located in West Papua. known as Irian Jaya in Indonesia until 2005. This is the second largest island of New Guinea is the world lies.  the Carstensz pyramid you can see the only eternal snow in Indonesia.

Puncak Jaya is a peak that become part of Barisan Sudirman contained in the province of Papua, Indonesia. Puncak Jaya has a height of 4884 m and the surrounding glaciers Carstenz there, the only tropical glaciers in Indonesia, which most likely will soon disappear due to global warming.

The peak was once named Poentjak Sukarno and is the highest mountain in Oceania. Puncak Jaya is one of the top seven of the world.

MOUNT SEMERU ( MAHAMERU )

Mount semeru is located in small village called lumajang. Mount semeru is the higest mountain in java, with peak Mahameru 3676 meters above sea level (masl). there are craters on top of mahameru called jonggring saloko. Mahameru is a tourist attraction that is quite challenging for the hikers. not only challenging, Mahameru has beautiful scenery and amazing scenery. 

The mountain is included in the area of ​​Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. The park consists of mountains and valley area of ​​50273.3 hectares. There are several mountains inside the caldera Gn.Tengger among others; Gn.Bromo (2.392m) Gn. Shell (2.470m) Gn.Kursi (2.581 m) Gn.Watangan (2.662m) Gn.Widodaren (2.650m). There are four lakes (ranu): Ranu Pani, Ranu Regulo, and Ranu Ranu Kumbolo Darungan.

Flora is located in the region of Mount Semeru, but many diverse types dominated by spruce, acacia, pine, and the type Jamuju. As for the plants under dominated by Kirinyuh, reeds, tembelekan, harendong and white Edelwiss, Edelwiss that is widely available on the slopes to the peak of Sumeru. And also found some endemic orchid species that live around the South Semeru.

Many of the fauna that inhabit the mountain Sumeru, among others: a panther, monkey, mongoose, antelope, deer, etc.. While in there Kumbolo Ranu surviving wild grouse.  

 

PENGANTAR TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI

TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI

Pengetian : 

• Kamus Oxford (1995): TI adalah studi atau penggunaan peralatan elektronika, terutama komputer, untuk menyimpan, menganalisis, dan mendistribusikan informasi apa saja, termasuk kata-kata, bilangan, dan gambar 
• Turban (Efraim Turban, 2008): The physical facilities, IT components, IT services and IT management that support an entire organization

Tujuan dan Fungsi

>> Tujuan :

1. Memecahkan masalah, membuka kreativitas, efektivitas dan efisiensi.

>> Fungsi :

1.  Menangkap (Capture), Mengolah (Processing), Menghasilkan (Generating), Menyimpan (Storage), Mengambil Kembali (Retrieval), Melakukan Transmisi (Transmission). 

>>  Perlunya Teknologi Informasi, karena:

>  Kompleksitas tugas manajemen

>  Pengaruh globalisasi

>  Perlunya response time cepat

>  Tekanan persaingan bisnis

>  Peningkatan layanan 

Teknologi Informasi Terdiri dari tiga kompenen, yaitu :

1.      Data

2.      Informasi

3.      Pengetahuan (knowlagde)

1.      DATA

Data merupakan kumpulan fakta yang diperlakukan sebagai  bahan mentah atau raw materials,

dan secara formal data didefinisikan representasi fakta dunia nyata yang mewakili suatu objek.

Data bersifat statis atau bersifat kaku

Jenis data :

1. Teks

2.Gambar

3.  Audio atau Suara

4. Video

2.      INFORMASI

 Informasi merupakan kumpulan data yang memiliki makna dan saling berhubungan satu sama lain, informasi juga merupakan data yang telah dimanipulasi dan membentuk properti yang tersturktur.

>>  Sifat informasi :

1. Perfect (sempurna, pasti)

2. Imperfect (tidak sempurna,mengandung unsur ketidakpastian)

Untuk menjadi suatu informasi, data perlu mengalami tahap pemrosesan.

seperti pada gambar di bawah ini :

>> Sumber informasi :

›  Kuesioner

›  Pengataman lapangan (observasi)

›  Kejadian/event (pencatatan/perekaman)

›  Pemodelan (simulasi, forecasting)

›  Media massa

›  Alat telekomunikasi

›  Alat elektronis

>>  Karakteristik informasi yang baik:

›  Tepat waktu

›  Akurat

›  Mudah diakses

›  Menghilangkan keraguan

›  Berhubungan

3.  PENGETAHUAN (KNOWLAGDE)

Pengetahuan merupakan hasil internalisasi dari sebuah informasi tentang area perhatian tertentu, pengetahuan juga merupakan hasil dari memahami sebuah informasi, yang dapat menghasilkan sebuah keputusan dengan adanya informasi yang telah kita ketahui.

Hubungan Data, Informasi, dan pengetahuan :